Aplicación de sistemas de información geográfico para la generación de mapas temáticos como parte de la componente geológica para la implementación de la Arquitectura ArcGIS Server y desarrollo del geoportal del Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada del Ecuador - Inocar

In order to socialize coastal marine data and information generated by Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada – INOCAR implements a geoportal to publish and make available valuable information, in form of thematic maps of sediment concentration and surface distribution of the same in the rivers Guayas and Esmeraldas with data obtained in 2010, both to the common user of geographic information and scientific community. The process involves the development of map projects done with specialized GIS software, and its subsequent translation to structures and formats readable and manageable by GIS Server Technology. This investigation to obtain the optimal design of the final online publication of maps through WMS and WFS services leveraged then by the geoportal of INOCAR, aims at disseminating and distributing scientific information generated by INOCAR to the public in a proper and adequate manner, make this data useful for further analysis and spatial decision processes overall in Ecuador. Within this research work it is believed that especially local and national governmental agencies will find the thematic information provided with modern GIS technology useful, efficient and effective for their administrative and planning tasks related with geological data and their applications.En busca de socializar información y datos marinos costeros, generados por la institución nacional encargada, el Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada - INOCAR, implementa el geoportal, medio que se encuentra en uso de las diversas instituciones del país que hacen investigación, marcando tendencia y en actual aumento, para dar a conocer al simple usuario y a la comunidad científica información geoespacial, en este caso mapas temáticos de la concentración de sedimentos y distribución superficial de los mismo en los ríos Guayas y Esmeraldas con datos obtenidos en el 2010. Todo esto a través del desarrollo de proyectos MXD realizados con ayuda del programa ArcGIS Desktop, posterior conversión a mapas MSD con ayuda de programa ArcGIS Manager Server y final publicación y presentación de mapas en el geoportal para entrega al público, con esto se obtiene información para análisis y toma de decisiones, así como intercambio de información geoespacial, de modo que permite difundir información científica e investigativa generada por el INOCAR. De la información publicada se espera que sea eficaz y eficiente para público en este caso profesional en el área, que pueda hacer análisis y buen uso de esta información

Retos de la Expansión de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación en las Comunidades Indígenas de México.

Este artículo desarrolla un breve análisis de las condiciones en las que la población joven y adulta que reside en las comunidades indígenas de México -que han padecido marginación de todo tipo- enfrenta las dificultades de conectividad a la RED, así como de aislamiento y carencia de orientación en el manejo de herramientas esenciales para tener acceso a la información, así como para su óptimo aprovechamiento en la búsqueda de soluciones a la problemática de su entorno. Asimismo, se describen algunas estrategias posibles para facilitar acceso de estas comunidades a las TIC considerando la pertinencia cultural en el diseño de los contenidos, con el fin de favorecer su motivación, atenuar el rezago y reducir la brecha digital, y desde este plano, ofrecer mejores oportunidades para la construcción de procesos de desarrollo alternativos

Neural approach to estimate the stress intensity factor of semi‐elliptical cracks in rotating cracked shafts in bending

In the last decades, neural network approach has often been used to study various and complex engineering problems, such as optimization or prediction. In this paper, a methodology founded on artificial neural networks (ANNs) was used to calculate the stress intensity factor (SIF) in different points of the front of a semi‐elliptical crack present in a rotating shaft, taking into account the shape and depth of the crack, the angle of rotation, and the location of the point in the front. In the event of rotating machines, such as shafts, it is crucial to know the SIF along the crack front because this parameter, according to the Paris Law, is related to the performance of the crack during its propagation. Previously, it was necessary to achieve the data for the ANN training, for this a quasi‐static numerical model was made, which simulates a rotating cracked shaft with a semi‐elliptical crack. The numerical solutions cover a wide range of crack depths and shapes, and rotation angles. The values of the SIF estimated by the ANNs were contrasted with other solutions available in the literature finding a good agreement between them. The proposed neural network methodology is an alternative that offers a very good option for the SIF estimation, because it is efficient and easy to use, does not require high computational costs, and can be used to analyse the propagation of cracks contained in rotating shafts by means of the Paris Law taking into account the nonlinear behaviour of the shaft.The authors would like to thank the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad for the support for this work through the projects DPI2009-13264 and DPI2013-45406-

Quality of Life in Teenagers and Adults With Coeliac Disease: From Newly Spanish Coeliac Disease Questionnaire Validation to Assessment in a Population-Based Study

Background: Coeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated systemic disorder elicited by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Gluten restriction in CD sufferers leads to numerous limitations in various aspects of daily life and can significantly impact the quality-of-life (QoL). The specific and widely used Coeliac Disease Questionnaire (CDQ) is an excellent tool to evaluate QoL in patients with CD, assessing physical, psychological, and social domains. This questionnaire is unavailable in Spain. Therefore, our study is the first to translate, culturally adapt, validate, and apply the Spanish version of CDQ to a representative sample of Spanish teenagers and adults with CD. Methods: A total of 153 CD participants with biopsy-proven and self-reported gluten-free adherence were included in the cross-sectional study, which included four stages: (1) translation and retranslation of the French CDQ version into Spanish; (2) cultural adaptation and semantic evaluation; (3) CDQ validation through the internal consistency determination and reproducibility of the QoL; and (4) application of the questionnaire to Spanish teenagers and adults with CD and estimation of QoL using EQ-5D. Results: The internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the Spanish CDQ were satisfactory and no ceiling or floor effects were detected. Significant correlations were identified between the CDQ scales, and the instrument for validation covering similar dimensions of the QoL was identified. The mean CDQ total score was 131.03 ± 24.1, and the social domain had the highest rating. There was no correlation between the time spent on a gluten-free diet and QoL. A significantly higher QoL score was reported among males and adolescents in the 15–17 age groups. Conclusion: The newly Spanish CDQ is an appropriate tool to assess the QoL of the teenager and adult patients with CD. This study highlights the importance of identifying the affected scales to address actions to reduce the impact of the gluten-free diet burden of the coeliac patients and maintain public health regulations that support patients with chronic diseases such as CDCentro para el Desarrollo Tecnologico Industrial 20/0112Corporación Tecnológica de Andalucía 20/011

A closed expression for the stress intensity factor of concave fatigue cracks in rotating shafts

A new analytical model is developed that allows us to obtain the Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) in a point on a concave shaped crack contained in a rotating shaft as a function of the characteristics of the crack (depth and aspect), the point position on the crack front, and the rotation angle. The model can be used for all kinds of linear elastic materials. The Finite Element Method (FEM) has been used to make a tridimensional quasi-static model of a shaft that contains a concave shaped crack in its central section, subjected to rotary bending. Different rotation angles are taken into account in order to simulate the rotation of the shaft. The SIF is determined in every position of the front of the concave crack, for each crack geometry and for each rotation angle. Then an analytical model is developed using all the results of SIF obtained with the numerical model, and is verified comparing its results with solutions found in the literature. The proposed model may be very useful to study the dynamic behavior of shafts with concave shaped cracks, and can be employed to analyze the propagation of these types of cracks.The authors would like to thank the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad for the support for this work through the projects DPI2009-13264 and DPI2013-45406-

Elliptical Crack Identification in a Nonrotating Shaft

It is known that fatigue cracks are one of the most important problems of the mechanical components, since their propagation can cause severe loss, both personal and economic. So, it is essential to know deeply the behavior of the cracked element to have tools that allow predicting the breakage before it happens. The shafts are elements that are specially affected by the described problem, because they are subjected to alternative compression and tension stresses., is work presents, firstly, an analytical expression that allows determining the first four natural frequencies of bending vibration of a nonrotating cracked shaft, assumed as an Euler-Bernoulli beam, with circular cross section under pinned-pinned conditions, taking into account the elliptical shape of the crack. Second, once the direct problem is known, the inverse problem is approached. Genetic Algorithm technique has been used to estimate the crack parameters assuming known the natural frequencies of the cracked shaft.The authors would like to thank the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad for the support for this work through the project DPI2013-45406-P

Yogur desnatado con transglutaminasa microbiana: evaluación de la aceptación del consumidor

The decrease in the fat content of yoghurt causes sensory modifications. Microbial transglutaminase (TG) has been proposed as an alternative for reducing the problems caused by the fat reduction. This work deals with the evaluation of the sensory profile, acceptance and preferences of skim yoghurt produced with TG at pilot scale. A group of 124 consumers of yoghurts were randomly selected. A lower firmness has been observed in yoghurt without TG (NoTG). TG Yoghurt has shown a lower whey odor and less acid taste than NoTG yoghurt. Free whey was not observed in the TG yoghurt. Despite of those differences, consumers only observed minor textural differences. In terms of overall acceptance and preference, no statistically significant differences were observed. The use of TG avoids the addition of milk protein or other texture additives into the yoghurt, decreasing production cost with the same overall acceptance and preference by consumers.La disminución del contenido graso del yogur provoca modificaciones sensoriales. La transglutami- nasa microbiana (TG) se ha propuesto como una alternativa para reducir los problemas causados por la reducción de grasa. Este trabajo trata sobre la evaluación del perfil sensorial, la aceptación y la preferencia del yogur desnatado producido con TG en una planta piloto. Un grupo de 124 consumidores de yogures fueron seleccionados al azar. Una menor firmeza se observó en el yogur sin TG (NoTG). EL yogur con TG mostró menor olor a suero, menor sabor ácido que el yogur NoTG. No se observó suero en el yogur con TG. A pesar de esas diferencias, los consumidores solo observaron pequeñas diferencias de textura. En términos de aceptación global y preferencia, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. El uso de TG evita la adición de proteínas de la leche u otros aditivos para mejorar la textura del yogur, lo que reduce los costes de producción manteniéndose la aceptación y preferencia por parte de los consumidores.This research was supported by MICINN (Spain) [Project No. RTC2014- 1835-2] and Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia (ES) [Project No. ED431B 2016/009]S

El acoso psicológico desde una perspectiva organizacional: papel del clima organizacional y los procesos de cambio

El estudio del acoso psicológico ha sido abordado desde diferentes enfoques y perspectivas, en los últimos años. Desde un enfoque organizacional el presente trabajo pretende analizar en qué medida el tipo de clima organizacional -apoyo, reglas, metas e innovación- y la presencia de procesos de cambio organizacional se relacionan con la incidencia de prácticas de acoso psicológico en el trabajo. En el estudio han participado 211 empleados/as de diferentes organizaciones de servicio, públicas y privadas. Los resultados han mostrado que la presencia de prácticas de acoso resulta contingente, tanto al tipo de clima que predomina en dicho entorno, como a los procesos de cambio organizacional que se dan en el mismo. Específicamente se ha encontrado que el clima de apoyo y el clima de reglas se relacionan con una menor presencia de las prácticas de acoso, mientras que el clima de metas y los procesos de cambio parece ser entornos más propicios para el desarrollo de las prácticas de acoso

La tercerización de servicios de mantenimiento para el área de mantenimiento de maquinaria y su incidencia en el estado de resultados de la empresa Constructores Minero Andes S.R.L., Cajamarca – 2018

La empresa Constructores Minero Andes S.R.L., está dedicada al diseño de proyectos, ejecución y supervisión de obras de la Industria Minera y de la Construcción Civil, como también comercialización de productos relacionados con la construcción y prestación de servicios. El análisis de la presente tesis de investigación se enfocará en el área de maquinaria, en la que se realizará una comparación entre los estados de resultados sin tercerización (años 2015 y 2016) y con tercerización (años 2017 y 2018), de manera que se pueda analizar la influencia que presenta la tercerización en el estado de resultados. El objetivo principal de la presente tesis de investigación es analizar la incidencia de la tercerización de servicios de mantenimiento para el área de mantenimiento de maquinaria en el estado de resultados de la Empresa Constructores Minero Andes S.R.L., Cajamarca – 2018 y para ello, se evaluarán los estados de resultados de los años que la empresa no realizaba tercerización y los años en que realiza tercerización, para su comparación respectiva. Al finalizar el trabajo de investigación se concluye que la incidencia que presenta la tercerización de servicios de mantenimiento para el área de mantenimiento de maquinaria en el estado de resultados de la Empresa Constructores Minero Andes S.R.L., es de manera indirecta, habiéndose podido verificar que, tercerizando los servicios de mantenimiento se reduce los costos de operaciones en 17.79%, logrando que la utilidad neta aumente en 37.59%.The company Constructores Minero Andes S.R.L., is dedicated to the design of projects, execution and supervision of works of the Mining Industry and Civil Construction, as well as commercialization of products related to the construction and provision of services. The analysis of this research thesis will focus on the area of machinery, in which a comparison will be made between the statements of results without outsourcing (years 2015 and 2016) and with outsourcing (years 2017 and 2018), so that can analyze the influence of outsourcing on the income statement. The main objective of this research thesis is to analyze the incidence of outsourcing of maintenance services for the machinery maintenance area in the income statement of the Company Constructores Minero Andes SRL, Cajamarca - 2018 and for this purpose the states will be evaluated of results of the years that the company did not perform the outsourcing and the years that the realization of the outsourcing, for their respective comparison. At the end of the research work, the impact of the outsourcing of maintenance services for the machinery maintenance area in the income statement of the Constructores Minero Andes SRL Company is concluded, is indirectly, having detected verifying that, outsourcing the maintenance services reduce operating costs by 17.79%, making net income increase by 37.59%

Detection of gluten immunogenic peptides in the urine of patients with coeliac disease reveals transgressions in the gluten-free diet and incomplete mucosal healing

Objective Gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only management for coeliac disease (CD). Available methods to assess GFD compliance are insufficiently sensitive to detect occasional dietary transgressions that may cause gut mucosal damage. We aimed to develop a method to determine gluten intake and monitor GFD compliance in patients with CD and to evaluate its correlation with mucosal damage. Design Urine samples of 76 healthy subjects and 58 patients with CD subjected to different gluten dietary conditions were collected. A lateral flow test (LFT) with the highly sensitive and specific G12 monoclonal antibody for the most dominant gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) and a LFT reader were used to quantify GIP in solid-phase extracted urines. Results GIP were detectable in concentrated urines from healthy individuals previously subjected to GFD as early as 4–6 h after single gluten intake, and remained detectable for 1–2 days. The urine assay revealed infringement of the GFD in about 50% of the patients. Analysis of duodenal biopsies revealed that most of patients with CD (89%) with no villous atrophy had no detectable GIP in urine, while all patients with quantifiable GIP in urine showed incomplete intestinal mucosa recovery. Conclusion GIP are detected in urine after gluten consumption, enabling a new and non-invasive method to monitor GFD compliance and transgressions. The method was sensitive, specific and simple enough to be convenient for clinical monitoring of patients with CD as well as for basic and clinical research applications including drug development